Autor: Tao Pan | AAV 34 (2021) | Strony: 263-294 | https://doi.org/10.60018/AcAsVa.abdn5783
Streszczenie
This article provides an explanation for the single and puzzling Tocharian B gloss śaiṣṣe ‘world’ (instead of Tocharian A ārkiśoṣi) for Sanskrit jagat- ‘world’ on a Sanskrit fragment SHT 4438 with all the other glosses in Tocharian A. Based on a detailed study of the Sanskrit and Chinese texts, Tocharian A ārkiśoṣi is very likely the loan translation of Sanskrit sā̆bhāloka(dhātu)- ‘a world with radiance’, which is preserved in the Chinese translations by Kumārajīva and other translators connected with Kucha. In the Kucha area, the first part sā̆bhā- was understood as containing -(ā)bhā- ‘radiance’. Buddhist Sanskrit sa(b)hāloka(dhātu)- is built from sa(b)hāpati- ‘master of sa(b)hā world’, epithet of the highest divinity Brahmā in the sahāloka-, which derives via Middle Indic from the older epithet sabhāpati- ‘owner of the assembly hall’ in Atharvaveda. The excursus at the end offers a glimpse into the complicated transmission process of Chinese Buddhist terminology based on the analysis of Chinese sha men ‘monk’ and he shang ‘teacher, monk’.
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Abbreviations
A = manuscripts written in Tocharian A, published in Sieg and Siegling (1921).
AiGr = Altindische Grammatik. See Wackernagel (1905); Wackernagel and Debrunner (1954).
AVP = Atharvaveda-Saṃhitā Paippalāda. See Lopez (2000).
AVŚ = Avadāna-Śataka. See Vaidya (1958) and Speyer (1906–1909).
B = manuscripts written in Tocharian B, published in Sieg and Siegling (1949; 1953)
BHSD = Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary. See Edgerton (1953).
CBETA = Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association
CEToM = A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian)
Chin. = Chinese
CPS = Catuṣpariṣatsūtra. See Waldschmidt (1952–1962).
Divy = Divyāvadāna. See Cowell and Neil (1886).
DN II = The Dīgha Nikāya. Vol. II. See Davids and Carpenter (1903).
Eng. = English
EWAhd = Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen. See Lloyd, Lühr et al. (1988–2021).
EWAia = Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. See Mayrhofer (1986–2001).
Gāndh. = Gāndhārī
Gr. = Greek
Hitt. = Hittite
IDP = International Dunhuang Project.
IOL = India Office Library
Kar-p = Karuṇāpuṇḍarīkasūtra. See Yamada (1989).
KEWA = Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen. See Mayrhofer (1956–1980).
Khot. = Khotanese
LV = Lalitavistara. See Hokazono (1994).
MaitrHami = Maitreyasamitināṭaka from Hami, see Geng et al. (1988).
MC = Middle Chinese reconstruction.
MPS = Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra. See Waldschmidt (1950–1951).
MSV = Mūlasarvāstivādavinaya. See Bagchi 1967.
MV = Mahāvastu. See Senart (1882–1897).
MW = Monier-Williams, Monier (1899). A Sanskrit-English dictionary: etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
NHG = New High German
OCS = Old Church Slavonic
OE = Old English
OHG = Old High German
PIE = Proto-Indo-European
PK NS = Pelliot Koutchéen Nouvelle Série
Pkt. = Prakrit
PW = Böhtlingk, Otto von and Rudolph von Roth (1855–1875). Sanskrit-Wörterbuch. 7 vols. St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften.
pw = Böhtlingk, Otto von (1883–1886). Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung. St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften.
RV = Die Hymnen des Ṛigveda. See Aufrecht (1877).
Saddh-p = Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra. See Wogihara and Tsuchida 1934.
SBhV = Saṅghabhedavastu. See Gnoli (1977–1978).
SHT = Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden as catalogue and the 12-part publication by Ernst Waldschmidt, Lore Sander et al. (1965–2017).
SI B = SerIndia Berezovsky collection
Skt. = Sanskrit
Suv = Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra. See Nobel (1937).
SWTF = Waldschmidt, Bechert et al. (1994–2018).
T = Takakusu, Junjiro and Kaigyoku Watanabe (1924–1934). Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō, The Tripiṭaka in Chinese. 100 vols. Tokyo: Taisho Issaikyo Kankokai.
TA = Tocharian A
TB = Tocharian B
Tib. = Tibetan
Toch. = Tocharian
Ved. = Vedic
Vkn = Vimalakīrtinirdeśa. See Takahashi, Maeda et al. (2004).